1772,
1793, 1795 were the years of three territorial divisions
of Poland by Russia,
Prussia, and Austria, by which Poland's
size was progressively reduced until,
at the 3rd partition, the
state of Poland ceased to exist.
In response
to the Second Partition, a Polish officer Tadeusz
Kosciuszko led a national
uprising (March-November 1794).
Russia and Prussia intervened to suppress
the insurgents,
and on Oct. 24, 1795, they concluded an agreement with
Austria
that divided the remnants of Poland among themselves.
By the Third Partition
of Poland, which was not finally
settled until Jan. 26, 1797, Russia incorporated
Courland,
all Lithuanian territory east of the Neman (Nieman) River,
and
the rest of the Volhynian Ukraine; Prussia acquired the
remainder of Mazovia,
including Warsaw, and a section of
Lithuania west of the Neman; and Austria
took what remained
of Little Poland, from Kraków northeastward to the arc
of the
Northern Bug.
These territorial divisions were altered in 1807,
when the
emperor Napoleon of France created the duchy of Warsaw
out of
the central provinces of Prussian Poland, and in 1815,
when the Congress
of Vienna created the Congress Kingdom
of Poland, but the main result
of the partitions, ie -the
elimination
of Poland, was in effect until after World War I,
when the Polish Republic
was finally restored on November 11
1918.
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